Smoking Cessation Treatment and Outcome in Cancer Patients in Jordan

Continued tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis has been associated with various detrimental clinical outcomes such as shorter survival (Videtic et al., 2003; Fox et al., 2004; Sardari Nia et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2006; Nguyenet al., 2010; Parsonset al., 2010; Kenfield, et al., 2011); increased risk of tumor recurrence or development of secondary malignancies (Do et al., 2003; Kawaguchi et al., 2006; Garces et al., 2007; Kaufman et al., 2008; Li et al., 2009; Joshu et al., 2011); poorer response to treatment and an increased risk of treatment toxicities (Monson et al., 1998; Dresler, 2003; O’Sullivan et al., 2003; van der Bol et al., 2007; de Jong et al., 2008; Waller et al., 2011; Petros et al., 2012); an increased risk of surgical complications (Moller et al., 2002; Barrera et al., 2005; Selber et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2011); and inferior bone marrow transplantation outcomes (Marks et al., 2009; Ehlers et al., 2011 ; Tran et al., 2011). Conversely, smoking cessation postcancer diagnosis has been associated with better pain control and